No, not yet. Ryan has mentioned a method to export & import templates with fields using JSON. That would be great in many ways. Currently it is easy to export full site profiles, but that doesn't help in your scenario. Or other scenario where you want transfer certain templates from one site to an another (ie. you have build great product catalog on site X and want it to site Y also).
One way is to build module that creates all the required fields and templates, but I find it pretty cumbersome for that task.
Ryan: have you had time to look into this? I am available to help here, since this is very important stuff for our company. If you can share your initial thoughts on this, and I could try taking this further from there.