Hey @rooofl,
I saw your request for help. I unfortunately don't do client work, but would still like to offer at least one additional chance for fixing this issue. It doesn't seem like this client is a Dreamhost customer, but it's entirely possible that the host may have similar configurations for security on their server. You may want to reach out to, or have the client reach out to, the webhost support team and ask if the URL as provided in the network devtools that you screenshotted would cause their server security to prevent the request.
For Dreamhost, the solution was simply to change the custom URL for the administrative panel from whatever custom option (ex: "admin" in your screenshot's case) back to the default of "processwire". This is due to their custom mod_security rules. They can update their rules for one-off requests, but the next time they update the server software it'll break again.
Here's where I mention it:
It's worth a shot to, at least, try changing the admin panel URL from "admin" to "processwire" and then testing an upload to see if it fixes things. Otherwise a support ticket to the webhost would be my next suggestion.