Just use $image->name as a reference. If the same image is added twice, a unique name is generated for the second one (just like when you add identically titled pages under the same parent).
Sorry, just copy&pasted from my code, so I used {} instead of php tags as the snippet I copied from was within a PHP echo().
<?php echo $config->urls->templates; ?>bbp/img/logo.jpg
should always point at the same logo at "[YOUR PW DIRECTORY]/site/templates/bbp/img/logo.jpg". Basically, it shouldn't matter if you're using $config->urls->root or $config->urls->templates, the latter is just a little shorter and more "speaking".
I'm not completely following what you mean with "on the page itself while inserted in the article". Can you give an example?
BitPoet's post in How to ID a Specific Image Using The API? was marked as the answer